Classic scientist Vladimir Engelhardt believed that the structural organization of life does not exhaust its specificity, and therefore to the factor of three-dimensionality of our space to add a fourth dimension - time, and then things become clear. Having set such a goal, the founders of the Research Institute of Information Technology wave, academics UAS Okolitenko Natalia and Nikolay Kolbun in the monograph "Cancer - the error shaping 'gave his explanation of the twelve mysteries of carcinogenesis. We publish excerpts from this work in a popular, designed for the general reader version. The paradox of large numbers
The main question is: where cancer arises from cells which is formed? Of universal stem? But here nature itself takes care of safety, "the representatives of Eternity," located in special pits - crypts, isolated from the en ¬ "fellow mortals." If the cancer infancy in this "royal throne", the tumor would fill first the crypt of the crypts would have gone on the offensive on the body, but no such data.
Shortening of telomeres - the participation ¬ sheaves on the ends of chromosomes, counting down the number of cell divisions - leads to the conclusion that the cause of cancer is a common somatic cell, which is "mad" because of the genetic modifications - mutations, has lost the ability to fit into the overall ensemble.
However, in the fundamental work "Molecular Biology", among which the authors - and the legend of the twentieth century biology, Watson, the question is this: "... The problem of cancer is not why it occurs, and why it does not arise as very often. Why our body is not full mutant clones, which are continuously formed, having a selective advantage over normal cells? "
Turn to the law of large numbers, which follows from a theorem of Chebyshev.
Man is composed of 1013-1014 cells, and mutation of even one of the 109 nucleotides - an association of letters with which genetic information is written - enough to turn even before the birth of a solid tumor.
The fact that, parasitizing, power consumption, has advantages over the fact that it produces. However, natural selection, so, it would seem beneficial for the individual has not gone by since this path would lead to a dead end life.
Cancer - a very old disease: the traces are found in the skeletons of onkopererozhdeny lizards Cenozoic era, the Egyptian mummies. The evolutionary process is handled with much more "young" ills - such as leprosy or plague - why mortality from cancer is growing?
This phenomenon coincided with two trends inherent in our time: an increase in life expectancy and declining fertility. The development of civilization has increased the value of personality: Women rarely die in childbirth, created high-performance plant varieties and new breeds of animals are derived, allowing to overcome the perennial threat of famine, and people affected by wars and natural disasters, humanity provides humanitarian assistance.

"Everything flows, everything changes"
Cancer is certainly a clone: ​​a single cell can be pereprivivat from animal to animal. Logically, then the tumor would have to be a mixture of identical cells. Nevertheless, no! This is a very complex structure in which a lot of what you want, and still more than what is needed. For example, the tumor is the proteins characteristic of embryonic cells, are frequently diagnosed with the disease. In carcinogenesis - the development process - the "mad" cells specialize to some extent: thus, a tumor of the pancreas can produce the hormone insulin, liver - bilirubin, stomach - something like mucus.
"How can a cancer cell's genetic limitations are removed?" - A question put oncologists, explaining the coincidence of several chimeras carcinogenesis mutations (not less than seven).
And whether or removed? Perhaps we are dealing with something else? Offer his version of events in a cancer cell.
First of all, you should understand that any multicellular organism at all levels of its organization - is biocenosis, where the balance (homeostasis) is maintained at the expense of a clear interaction components. Cells carrying the functional load, in need of support; nutrients and release of toxins through the blood vessels, paved by endothelial cells and in tissues often contained macrophages and macrophages, sometimes - melanocytes: pigmentation depends on them. Even without the surrounding cells do not change their functions as vested property, without which no life - information storage.
In biocoenosis is an evolutionary process that is associated with the development and maturation of the organism, and thus its control over the same laws that controlled the development of life on our planet. A hundred times a human philosopher, who said: "Everything flows, everything changes," more or less remain unchanged only algorithms - news images selected by the evolution of metabolic processes that lead to a balance with the environment.
The cells are mortal. But the life expectancy of the system to which they belong, provides a continual updating, a generational change. The parameters of this evolution and polished updates from the optimum is not deflected.
Update - in many ways - at the expense of stem cells, one way or another accompanying physical, to feed it from eternity. As long as man lives, a line of stem cells is not broken, but how they perform their mission, exemplified by the replacement of skin cells that are actively interacting with the environment, constantly sloughed off. To become lost in space, as scientists say, the new unit proliferative, stem cell divides. One half was destined to remain virtually immortal, and the second (basal) - specialize, that is to be mortal. What determined this asymmetry? Certainly His Majesty the time vector is (perhaps due to the fact that the universe is expanding?) Is directed from the past into the future.
Already at the first division of nature goes a long way from eternity to the transience of our lives. This means that in the basal cells the vast majority of genes that carry the memory of the past, all kinds from its origins at the very first living system is blocked. What's next? A stem cell is returned to immortality (or more precisely - she did not leave), giving the proper time in the form of certain changes in the configuration ¬ tion of its molecules, and the basal split - two or more times.
At this stage the cell has not differentiated, but already determined, that is chosen to perform certain functions. This is a very interesting stage, because it all metabolic processes have reversed it (ie cell) is still able to without too much trouble to find immortality stem. This is the "guelder rose bridge," which, as the song goes, you can meet young years.
Why is this happening?
Breeding, any cell goes through several phases, with the transition from one phase to another is strictly controlled. In nature, there are "checkpoints", where special proteins determine whether all is well in the genetic apparatus. If DNA is damaged, then the transition into the next phase is blocked or unusual synthesized this phase, the proteins that make a cell unviable. This process is rather complicated and not for popular exposition, it is important to us that the mechanism of error control, again, is reversible. Even in the "standard situation" cell is delayed in phase prior to DNA synthesis and doubling, and then comes the next.
It's a risky time! The situation is similar to the classic "can not execute pardon," still do not know where to put the final point.
Why is this nature, so to speak, ambiguity? Why not just "cutting down the rafters," blowing "the boat" death cell in the ocean of life?

Field of possibilities
Some people believe that nature brings a special kind of sacrifice. If this were so, then our world would not be so diverse. Meanwhile, there are no two identical roses on one bush, two identical butterflies in one clutch, and the so-called self proteins that determine our uniqueness, as the stars in the sky. Because the individual contributes to the treasure of immortality, personified in the matter of inheritance of DNA, the unique experience of the struggle for life. Together with exfoliating skin, falling hair, mucous membranes, we give the environment a lot more than vesim themselves. By doing a series of food - the hierarchy, starting from bacteria to plants and those they feed, the waste is made about how we have overcome the differences of atmospheric pressure and temperature, the attack of microorganisms or viruses and other hardships.
All this - the material you are working with nature in order to better adapt the living organism for testing tomorrow. The law of anticipatory reflection - so called this phenomenon, which has formulated one of the classics of biology Peter Anokhin. However, the existence of any organism is not well: sooner or later fall under the influence of tissue factor in traumatic and there is a need restoration necessary for the normal functioning of cells - regeneration. It is - to play the ecological community, but at this stage, when intact pieces of fabric are in a state of maturity and need not only spatial fit young to mature, but also temporary. Scars, scars, keloids suggests that the process of 'secondary development', also known as regeneration, is far less polished, a process of "planned" upgrade fabric, and there could be disagreement. If the liver, for example, hurt by alcohol, then when you restore the advantage is given connective tissue - cirrhosis.
The nature of far-sighted, but not all amenable to prediction. In particular, what could be the injury, if that happens, what components will be affected tissue, with some microbes have to face, which can be inflammatory?
That in such cases and in store "field of freedom" for possible changes - until the abrupt change in cell phenotype. This means that by delaying any phase of cell division, nature keeps the "alert" is not only the genes necessary for the formation of tissue ecological community, but also to spare, which normally do not make themselves known (in science they are known as recessive .)
Now imagine that the cell is delayed in a position determination in a checkpoint due to a malfunction of the genetic apparatus. It must be destroyed. And if after a delay of action "kaznyaschih" proteins, caspases - neutralized, however, transcend the barrier of not - what then?
Stopping in front of a barrier of narrow specialization, the cell will develop as it will dictate that a broad set of genes that nature held in readiness in case of injury. And then the fabric is formed from a clone biocenosis, but a chimera!
His constituents will be shortening ¬ rocheny telomeres, as it should be somatic. They would be different "on the fly", but truly mature would not ever, because it passed all the phases of normal development. They can not hear the signals, even each other, since they are not formed because it has not been determined how the genes, but necessary for a strict specialization, should be silenced. Especially do not form a mechanism of contact inhibition.
In this biocoenosis will be a lot of "extra" proteins, as work and recessive genes, usually found in the subtext of this great Book of Life, which is the carrier of heredity DNA. Getting there and ¬ are similar to embryonic proteins, because they will produce a morbid counterparts stem cells.
Telomerase is active there, as it must be active as long as the cell in preparation for specialization, through all phases of development.
This conglomerate will replicate, but will certainly be a parasite on the body, from which it will suck the energy as a better way to power through the oxidation of adenosine formed in the later stages of the evolutionary process.
This - the characteristics of the cancer, which is a fabric biocenosis, which was realized in the absence of a general development plan. And it does not come from the universal stem and not from somatic cells, and of those who are in a state of determination, moving back to where flies signal of injury to the "field capacity" needed to restore the biocenosis. When a wound heals, the signal must stop. And if the "button sticks"? If for some reason broken feedback loop and the body itself signals "wound, the wound!" When the wound no longer there?
Here, in our opinion, and should look for the cause of carcinogenesis, because it put the question of how many mutations must match for his appearance and removed as a bridle genetic limits, just not practical.
It can not be removed - it is not thrown over. Have already been synthesized enzymes that will activate certain genes already pulled one after another group of complementary atoms (referred to as complementary to science), has already spoken "word", which should translate into a "case" of metabolic processes ... Preparing to become a phenotype, genotype already embarked on "guelder rose bridge", after which time the flow will be captured - this time without return ...
Science is able to explore a little, because of modern techniques elusive. In addition to universal stem cells, say more progenitor cells, satellite cells, making no distinctions among them. We also offer as a separate group of regenerative cells that are ready in case of injury to the revival of tissue ecological community, as required by evolution. Therefore, cancer is always associated with trauma, stress, factors which may vary - up to a viral intervention.
The question arises: if the events occur in carcinogenesis "Kalinovoe bridge", then can there be a return to normal?
The practice gives reason to believe in this possibility: many doctors know of cases where patients die tempered home safely lived for years without any symptoms. In this respect, very interesting study of American B. Mintz, carried out in the 80s of last century. Cell teratomas (tumors of the ovaries or testes) of mice with black hair she tucked into fertilized eggs of mice with gray hair. In due time were born quite healthy mice, but - polosatenkie. This fact gives a lot of reason for optimism.